Different regions use different legal tools, but the goal is the same everywhere: fewer runway accidents through tighter requirements on how drivers are trained and tested.
Region 1 of 4
Europe leads the way in tying simulation technology directly to official requirements. This framework automatically extends to Iceland through the EEA agreement.
The core regulation for airport operation in Europe. Requires a documented Safety Management System (SMS) and a formal process for issuing Airside Driving Permits (ADP). Recent updates tightening requirements on communication and language competency on movement areas mean airports must prove drivers can cope in difficult, unusual conditions.
Explicitly recommends that airports use airside driving simulators alongside practical training to test drivers before they're let out onto live runways alone.
Region 2 of 4
Federal law: every US airport with scheduled service must maintain a documented, approved Ground Vehicle Operations program to keep its operating certificate.
The FAA's official guidance for meeting Part 139. Recommends training programs include testing under degraded conditions (night driving, poor visibility). An airport that can't demonstrate thorough training after a runway incursion risks heavy fines or revoked certification.
Region 3 of 4
Define international standards requiring airport operators to ensure every driver on movement areas has passed appropriate testing.
An international effort (Eurocontrol and the Flight Safety Foundation among its backers) emphasising advanced technology and "systemic barriers". Simulators are named directly as a key tool to make sure the human factor doesn't fail when tower or equipment warnings fire.
Region 4 of 4
Post-Brexit, the UK runs its own rules. CAP 790 governs ADP licensing and sets strict refresher-training requirements. CAP 642, Airside Safety Management, is the CAA's wider guidance on running a safe airside operation. UK airports like London Gatwick use simulators heavily to meet this quickly, without disrupting daily operations.
Australia's aviation authority requires electronic competency management of staff. This has pushed airports like Sydney to build dedicated driving centres around simulator workstations.
Regulations don't name a particular simulator. What they all require is proof that drivers can handle an emergency, in bad weather, without endangering aircraft. Airports are realising that simulation is the only realistic, legitimate way to prove this, and to keep their insurance and operating certificates.
